Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review - Article recitationCreativity is important to every organization and can solve any problem. The success of the organization depends a lot on the capacity of the employees to invent new things, solving problems and imparting new ideas.The main issues unraveled in individual creative thinking research are General Personality, Big Five Personality and Self erudition (Egan, 163). In addition to these factors, several other sub-factors also have an impact like creativity inclination setting, evaluation and feedback, team solve, role models and leadership and supervision (Egan, 164).The Creative Personality Scale (CPS) is one of the most wide followed techniques in measuring individual creativity. The study found that creativity of a personality is enhanced by support from family members and peers.The system of evaluation and feedback can negatively affect the creativity of the employees. This curbs the natural instincts of the employees to improvise or rendering new ideas and h ence creativity is negatively affected.The article dwells on individual creativity and the outside(a) factors influencing it. It forms a detailed study in understanding the creativity of the employees. Creativity is driven by legion(predicate) influential factors. It has to be kept in mind that creativity makes people more inclined towards work and drives them to work that much harder. A true leader leave encourage creativity among the employees and thus will help in increasing the productivity of the organization. The article provides a detailed study on the outdoor(a) factors influencing creativity. To be an effective leader one has to keep an account of the external factors, as this would help to attach the creativeness of the employees.As we can infer from the article, satisfaction of the jobs is very essential in increasing the creativity of an employee. The job fulfillment of an entity relies upon the individual perception of the jobs. Therefore, it is very essential to c hoose the right kind

Principles based accounting as an accounting method which is used as a Essay

Principles based accounting as an accounting method which is used as a conceptual basis by accountants - Essay guinea pigThis system follows principles. The term principles can be used simply to refer to general rules, or in like manner to suggest that these rules are implicitly higher in the implicit or explicit hierarchy of norms than more than diminutive rules they express the fundamental obligations that all should observe (Black et al, 2007). Some of the rules set out are mandate to follow but many other rules are used as a mere advocate and are not applicable to every situation. For instance, many countries pass adopted the International Financial inform Standards governed by the IASB. According to Securities and Exchange Commission of US, the optimal principles-based accounting banner involves a concise narration of substantive accounting principle where the accounting objective has been incorporated as an integral part of the standard and where few, if any, exceptio ns or internal inconsistencies are included in the standard (2002). Rule-based accounting is a set of detailed rules which must be followed when monetary statements are wide-awake. An example of such(prenominal) system is Generally Accepted explanation Principles (GAAP). In US, GAAP is used as a standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting. CPA firms and corporations in US prepare and present their business incomes and expenses, assets and liabilities in their financial statements following GAAP. ... The financial statements are prepared for the users who have reasonable knowledge of business, accounting and economic activities and a willingness to study the financial statements (IASB model, Para 25). The users of financial statements are of various types and their needs are different which are required to be catered efficiently because they have to make crucial economic decisions on the basis of financial statements. IFRS requires the financial statements to presen t a accredited and fair view of the financial state and economic activities of an entity. When a set of given rules is followed uniformly by all the entities in each financial year, comparability increases. A user may compare an entitys financial standing with that of another entity or even with that of its own in the preceding years. In array to attain this uniformity, the rules are required to be followed but there are cases where following the rules becomes very difficult. For instance, the IFRS itself admits in the Framework that there is a trade-off between relevance and reliability. One must be forgone to help oneself the benefit of another. In a given case, preferring relevance over reliability might be utilizable for specific set of users but might not be useful for another set of users. The Framework has emphasized that the preparer or auditor of financial statements must exercise his professional judgment in such cases so that the information becomes more synchronized with the objectives of IFRS. One of the worst economic crises in history has been set about by the world recently. There are many studies and professional opinions that the fair value system is creditworthy for it. This system is more

Summary for the uploaded article (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary for the uploaded article (2) - Essay guinea pigSecondly, it explores Wackernagels law and the effect that it has on the language structure. Thirdly, the article shows that relative pronouns have similar properties with doubtfulness pronouns. Fourthly, the article also reveals interesting facts about spoken and written language the most important news is very much placed close to the beginning of the sentence.Clitic refers to unstressed word that needs to be supported by other words in order to complete a clause. Although they be unstressed, they provide a chaw of meaning to a clause. Consequently, most languages have clitics. Moreover, although languages vary, the manner in which they are used does not change. They are commonly pronouns or determiners. In addition, they may be written as independent words. However, they are often connected with the word on which they depend.The article provides an interesting and insightful analysis of the diachrony of clitics. In additi on, it has contributed to the literature visible(prenominal) on the subject. The article has provided information about the role that clitics plays in a language. Furthermore, the laws support its argument by providing a strong foundation for accepting what has been advanced in the

Consumer Behaivour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer Behaivour - Essay ExampleFor an example, laptop computers leave be commence necessity for the modern tech savvy people. The purchasing behaviour or an individual is controlled by many chemical elements some of the study factor ins argon price, quality, reputation and many more. Lifestyle is a nonher major factor which influences the buying behaviour of an individual. It has been seen that many time a same someone changes his or her buying placement according to the lifestyle (OShaughnessy 1995). The factors which influence the buying process can be categorised into two major factors and they atomic number 18 internal factors and the external factors. These two factors atomic number 18 closely related to each other. However, the external factors come from the market and these factors are created by the marketers with great marketing and branding effects. The internal factors are the behavioural traits of the individuals. I am clear about these factors which have forc ed or rather helped me to take the final buying decision. I have understood the behavioural traits of my buying behaviour with the thorough study of the may locomote ten prominent buys. I have realised that close to of the products which I have bought are both mark and high end products. Some of them are highly expensive and top of the line products. I have also realised that I take sudden decisions about buying epoch I love the product. For an example, I bought Tom Ford (Bois Marocain) Perfume from David Jones as I liked the perfume. The aroma do me obsessed about the perfume so I bought it in a sudden manner while I was not at all thinking of buying a perfume. This shows that I am not majorly influenced by the price factor but I am influenced by the emotion. The factor analysis The individual(prenominal) behaviour and perceptions create a lot of sense at the time of buying process. The personal traits are the major factors to execute the buying decisions. The individual per ceptions towards products vary due to many internal factors like attitude, status, perception, lust and many other factors. However, to identify my buying behaviour I would like to take the help of the factor analysis of my behavioural traits towards buying relations. Gordon Allports Trait Theory Famous psychologist Gordon Allport (1961) realised that there are majorly three trait factors which help to understand the human nature or the uniqueness of the individuals. And these three factors are central traits, secondary traits and the cardinal traits (Pastorino, and Doyle-Portillo 2008). The central traits The central traits focus on the behavioural factors which can be treated as the general nature of an individual. For an example if a person is friendly in most of the situation then the friends would take his friendly behaviour as the central trait. Same way in case of buying the openness and price sensitive nature can make the central traits of the person towards the buying beha viour. In this case my central trait is to buy products which are upgraded in nature and branded offcourse. The price sensitivity is not at all the central trait of my buying behaviour. From the VAIO notebook to the YSL bag, Bobby dark-brown cosmetics to iPhone 4 each of them are the top of the line products. The luxury is another primary trait which controls my buying behaviour. Raymond Cattells factor analysis Raymond Cattell introduced the statistical technique to identify the different

I want to buy health insurance by myself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I penury to buy health insurance by myself - Essay ExampleThus, this factor underlines the lineament importance of medical examination examination compensate, which comes in a variety of programs for an individual to make a choice. As students, we also need to syllabus for any misfortune, since we cannot tell of future occurrences. However, what happens when you cannot rely on a program meant to help you in case of a misfortune? Does such a program guarantee you a safe future? darn acknowledging the Oklahoma Christian University Administrations noble intentions in their medical cover program, this expose get that the cover does not meet its intended purpose and hence the administration should allow students to arrange for their birth cover.The initial purpose of any health insurance, or a medical cover, is to ensure that there was fitting care of an individuals body and health. In this regard, a medical cover should be a permanent arrangement that we can all rely on and avai l at the appropriate clip in case of a serious health disorder. In this regard, an individuals health is at risk once the medical cover is not dependable. Case in point, our Universitys medical cover is not one of the reliable. For instance, a colleague became sick, while in school, and we had to dig deep into our pockets and arrange for an ambulance, which took him to the hospital. This is disdain the fact the colleague had paid for medical cover in the University. Thus, the failure of the University to meet such rudimentary costs underlines the undependable nature of the medical cover. At this instance, we pause and ask the question of what would have been the resultant of us not raising money for the ambulance. This can only mean that the investable would have happened.While medical cover should keep you insured against serious illnesses, our University cover does not cover even the most of base illnesses like vision and teeth. We all know that

Working with and leading people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Working with and leading people - Essay ExampleThe individual abilities of the members atomic number 18 too reinforced as a result of working as a group. This is because the workers share their experiences and help all(prenominal) other out in times of difficulties. The members working in the team up are also qualified to learn and apply their new skills in the course of executing their tasks.Working as a team enables the establishment of participation and the involvement of all team members in Tescos activities. This ensures that their assigned activities are performed expeditiously and quickly. The decisions that are made as a result of a team working together as a group are better than the decisions an individual makes. The team members incorporate their collective experiences and skills before qualification a decision (Mathis and Jackson, 2010). The use of brainstorming enables the generation of ideas from different members of the group and helps in bringing in new ideas to the group. Working as a team also enables the members to feel confident of the results they present to the organization,. This is because the ideas generated by the members undergo the necessary criticisms and cross examinations before the decisions are reached. The active participation of the team members enables the generation of umteen diverse concepts within the organization. They eventually assist the organization in achieving their set objectives.The concepts and ideas that the team members suggest are considered as alternatives when similar problems occur (Drucker and Ferdinar, 2006). Decision making in a team is slow though most of the times the most appropriate decisions are reached. The harmonious working of the members of a team leads to an add-on in their satisfaction. The speed of accomplishing events in the organization is also increased because of the collaboration between the team members.A worker requires to have a problem solving ability as this enables him to ha ndle complex situations. These assists the workers in meeting their

Since ethics and profit are actually not related, what reasons are Essay - 1

Since ethics and realize are actu wholey not related, what reasons are thither to apply ethical standards to business at all Is it si - Essay ExampleFor instance, gaining profit out of illicit or prohibited drugs is possible precisely this does not mean that the entire activity is accepted as a easily act inside the society. In fact, the term that or sothing is prohibited justifies further that there is no good about it at all. morality and profit may not be related because businesses may come up with different strategical moves that at some point may compromise what is considered morally good within the society. Thus, specifically there is a defined concept within the society for the preservation of life and that allone is expected to do what is good and right. In line with this, there is a need to understand what ethics is all about. What is ethics? morality is concerned about the study of what is to be done (Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee 1). In other words it deals with identi fying what is right and abuse (Pojman and Fieser 1). The principles or cerebration of right and wrong are integrated with the world. From the very beginning, humans have already understood what is right for them and everything that will contribute to their survival is good and that what should be done among them. The trial and fallacy process led them to learn and even until today because humans learned a lot from their experiences. establish on these experiences, the idea of what is good and right has remarkably uncovered. ... These rules simply try to protect the lives, rights and privileges of everyone. For example, a presidential term may set a minimum wage program among private organizations or institutions. This is to be use in order to set equal privileges among business men and their workers. In this way, workers are also ensured to accept what they deserve and exploitation will be out of the line. Some companies may come up with idea to generate more profit and one way of doing so is to cut the budget for those privileges that has been allocated for workers. The main come in in here is the generation of profit of business outside the bound of the cordial contract. Eventually, under the social contract an employee has the right to receive what is due to him. Thus, ethics may necessary be applicable in this case but there is really a need to apply it in order to stress the scope and coverage of the social contract and push every business towards its obligations in its employees and vice versa. . business sector is associated with the law Under the social contract, business is associated with the law. There are corresponding laws that business should adhere to. For example, every business should adapt a financial reporting standard. One purpose of it is to declare the right numeral a company is making in its business in order to pay the right total due to the government. It cannot be denied that various companies are trying to come up with dif ferent financial reports depending on their usage for the sole purpose of gaining considerable amount of profit, which is actually the bottom line of all. In some other countries, tax avoidance and evasion are prevalent it is because profit maximization has become a must. Tax evasion is a serious offense and it has

International Marketing Strategies of Pepsi and Apple Inc Essay - 7

International market Strategies of Pepsi and Apple Inc - Essay ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that PepsiCo and Apple Inc are twain renowned international companies making a name while employing international marketing activity across the world. These companies have instituted what is vital to marketing in the international context. They employed the essential activities for them to be able to come about a very tough competition in their industry around the world. Apple Inc has become ordinary with its capacity to innovate not just in marketing activities, but almost entirely components of its operation. PepsiCo, on the other hand, has become trendy with its ability to initiate the high level of market performance with a purpose, allowing it to rank next to Coca-Cola. These two companies are therefore mostly studied because of their innovative approach and donation to modern marketing techniques, allowing them to employ marketing strategies that at some poin t are cut in a higher place the other while adhering to the basics. They eventually do not just settle for less, but above all are market leaders willing to substantially innovate and create a difference in their respective industry.PepsiCo, for instance, has become the wide competitor of Coca-Cola, and in this situation, it is necessary for the firm not only to know but create its brand as something worthy to be considered unique and one of a genial in its industry. On the other hand, Apple Inc is experiencing the same scenario, because of the linked many players in its industry. It is going to be hard for the company to compete in an industry where there are relevant key players mushrooming and aiming to know a substantial market share and a sustainable competitive advantage. However, Apple Inc has eventually turn out its worth, allowing it to be as one of the top key players in its industry. In 2012, the firm was voted as the superior of the 2012 CMO Survey Award for Market ing Excellence.

Human Freedom and the News Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Freedom and the News - Assignment guinea pig existential philosophy proposes that human acts in their own capacity, therefore abortion should be a personal end that should occur or not occur without external influence. On the other hand, libertarianism establishes that liberty is the ultimate political end, therefore the government and the state should not be existent so that they are able to flummox abortion.Existentialism and libertarianism are two philosophical theories that attempts to explain human behavior. These theories can be applied in understanding why close to individuals prefer the pro-life option while others are inclined to the pro-choice. Existentialism has a historical perspective it was developed by Jean-Paul Satre and was identified with a certain cultural aggroup in the Europe. The speculation upholds the view that the philosophical thoughts of an individual starts with the person himself (Webber, n.d). There is a common consensus among some of the th eorists that it is an individual that provides a meaning to life. On the other hand, libertarianism maintains that liberty is should be the ultimate political end. The theory emphasizes on the fundamental political freedom, the ability to associate independently and liberty as an individual. The theory proposes an empirical liberty where an individual has the sole mandate of doing, as they will. The theory takes two perspectives, in the strictest way, it is proposed that individuals own themselves richly and have the moral rights to have external things (Institute for Humane Studies, George Mason University, 2014).In his article, Why progressives should oppose abortion, Christopher drive is of the idea that human beings have their individuality but the right to life should be considered. He is inclined to the existentialism view that, the overall existence of a human being is the most important thing. He explores the reasons why he thinks that conception is the beginning of life. He continues to argue

Analyze one week of world economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyze one week of orb economy - Essay ExampleAlso to be noticed is the fact that these figures were much better from those describe during the previous period. Moreover, the Yen strengthened during the second week of February, with the yen opening against the dollar at 119.4, and apogee at 118.7.The Chinese economy portrayed a rosy picture, and showed that the Central Bank of the country is soundly at managing the affairs of the country. Consumer Price Index or pomposity figures for the month of January showed China was able to documentation its prices well in control with inflation clocking in at 0.8% YoY, compared to 1.5% during the previous year. Although MoM inflation remained the same as during the last period at 0.3%, it was still better than broad market expectations of 0.3% ( scotch Calender).As far as the European Union is concerned, a rough view of the neck of the woods can be made up by looking at the performance indicators of a few nations within the Union. Germa ny posted trade surplus for December (with figures being released on 9th Feb) of 21.8bn Euros, amidst market expectations of 18.3bn Euros. The betterment was witnessed on back of 3.4% increase in exports, while imports went down by 0.8%, this widening the balance and resulting in a trade surplus. Though 4Q GDP growth for Germany came in at 1.6% compared to expectations of 1.00%, a deceleration of 0.4% YoY portrayed a worrying picture for the economy.On the other hand, UKs economy did not perform up to the mark, with industrial production growing not as strong as expected (0.7% vs 0.5%). The BRC Retail Sales reminder also portrayed signs of worries as sales for January went down 0.2% YoY, amist market expectations of a 5% YoY growth.On an boilersuit basis, the world economy does not seem to be in a very healthy position. With the US jobless claims going up and retail sales going down, it seems that customers lack the purchasing power to be

Contemporary Management Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

coeval Management Issues - Essay ExampleThis tendency is projected to aggravate over the next few long time call equal to(p) to an expected plug retirement of most of Britains working class, leaving a low-down number in the job market. In decades to come, the number of nation in the employment sector pass on be less than that of retirees. This interprets that the number of citizens of working age is set to be inversely comparative to that of retirees. This mass retirement, will result in limited workforce in both the private, and public sectors. The expected prison-breaking in the job market will negatively affect the parsimoniousness, as the demand for commodities will be higher than the supply track to anticipated inflation. The health sector will also feel the feat as most of the pensioners will be in need of more healthcare and social services. With the tapered savings of these retirees and the limited savings of the few in the job market, the government will be agoni stic to find alternative ways to fund the health and pension systems. As a result, many great deal are inclined towards accumulating savings during their active years and dissimulating the same savings after retirement. This could lead to people selling their assets rather than buying, therefore, reducing asset value and increasing liaison place. In summary, the current demographical rationalise in the united state could lead to inflation, a reduction in personal savings, increased interest rates, capital accumulation and an overall strain in government expenditure. An analysis of the demographic changes in the fall in Kingdom shows that birth-rates and fertility have significantly reduced as compared to the 1970s. On the other hand, death rates have been consistently lower than live births. This has ensured a considerable population increase, a shift from the mid-nineties when British women were not giving birth. Although this is the trend now, the retirees continue to pose a threat to the British economy. With the forever increasing number of retirees, coupled with the upcoming generation and a small working group, the United Kingdom is headed for tough stinting times. All these, will result, in a decline in economic increase in Britain, if corrective measures are not taken. Impact of the European Union on the world-wide economy The world today has become progressively more interdependent in as far as economic growth is concerned. The European Union is at the fore front in promoting global economic systems. Member states to the European Union enjoy less restrictive trading laws and fair competition due to the increased elimination of care barriers. The European Union is a global powerhouse in trade, which has been able to contend with the United States. As the worlds largest exporter, the European Union has continued to dominate the global economy. It exports high quality, first-class rated manufactured products. These include motor vehicles, chem icals and pharmaceuticals to nations outside this union. The United States and China are the leading destinations for European Unions exports, mainly machinery and transport gear. The European Union is the second largest importer after the United States and gets most of its products from member states. With the adoption of the euro as the medium of exchange, lifting of tariffs and the free movement of people within its quarters, trade has flourished. Due to this power held by the European union, other countries are more often than not, forced to go against in to its demands. The European Uni

Interrelationships between economic growth, unemployment and inflation Research Paper

Interrelationships between economic harvest-tide, unemployment and inflation - look Paper ExampleThere be four signifiers in the business cycle depending on which the effect on economic growth, inflation and unemployment change. During the point of a peak or a temporary maximum stage of the business cycle, the rate of inflation is high while the unemployment rate is low. During a recession that reflects on a decline in the total production, inflation lowers and range of unemployment increase. Unemployment rises to a height or ring during the period of trough that refers to the bottom stage of the period of recession. This phase also reflects on lower rates of inflation. Recovery or expansion is the period when production increases again, and during this stage the rates of unemployment decline and after a certain period of time the inflation rate rises (Chapter 9- Business Cycles, Unemployment, Inflation). Inflation is such a phase that leads to increase in the costs of good s and services thereby affecting the entire frugality of any country. The providence is never benefitted with rising inflation. However it has been obtained that governments in general often try to take suitable measures to background the effects of inflation, when they can study expected rising inflation in the economy. The growth in an economy and the rate of inflation move parallel and hence they cannot be expected to meet. The value of money reduces as a result of inflation thereby making the lives of people in any country difficult. The inflation and the growth in economy being inapt to each other affect different sectors of an economy that include the consumer price index, and the gross domestic product (Inflation and Economic Growth). Also, the effects of inflation and economic growth are found in...This research paper focuses on an analysis, comparison and contrast of economic growth, unemployment and inflation as associated with micro and macro economics of the world an d in any individual country.Economic growth, unemployment and inflation are the factors of macroeconomics of any country. Economic growth refers to the capability of the economy of any country to turn out ontogeny capacities of goods and servicesEconomic surgical operations of different countries vary at different points of time. The performance of an economy is best mum through the analysis of the indicators where economic growth, unemployment and inflation are included as major factors. A break down economic state of a country may be realized if a higher component of its workforce is found to be doing well. In this regard, the quantity and quality of the jobs are significantly necessary to be considered.Unlike unemployment and inflation, the economic growth of a country is measured in terms of gross domestic product or gross domestic product. It represents the total production that a country generates in a certain period of time, say a year. It can be calculated by summing up the total output, income or economic consumption that occurs within a country in that particular time period. Real GDP represents the figure that has been obtained by adjustment for inflation. The percentage rise in output represents the nominal GDP through which the economic performance of a country may be determined. The association between growth in real GDP and unemployment is significant for policy makers.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP & INNOVATION IN ORGANISATIONS Assignment

ENTREPRENEURSHIP & INNOVATION IN ORGANISATIONS - Assignment Example88).Innovation introduces a change, a in the buff combination from what is familiar. Schumpeter, a pi iodineer in the study of mutation and entrepreneurship, posits that the main force that brings near this structural change is the perennial gale of creative destruction (Schumpeter, 1942). Thinking out of the box seems to be whizz valuable trait of innovators and entrepreneurs.Although related, the processes of innovation and entrepreneurship are different. Innovation is sparked by a new idea. The idea nooky be a new technology such as a gadget that can cater more convenience to consumers, a new service like an alternative form of relaxation, a new product, or even a new administrative procedure. Such ideas are driven by of necessity that are seen by the innovators. Innovation requires creativity. Engle, Mah & Sadri (1997) define Creativity as the ability to develop ideas through one of three processes. One is c reation or the development of something new. Another is the synthesis or combination of concepts. The ordinal process is modification or the changing or improvement of things (Anderson, 1992). Indulging in such processes makes the entrepreneur a creative thinker who modifies or rejects previously accepted ideas to build innovations from practically anything.In organizations, innovation becomes the growth of a new idea from its initial state into its actualized form as a full-blown innovation (Roberts, 2006). Schumpeter (1939) mentions various types of innovations the introduction of new products, new methods of production and new forms of business organization as well as the penetration of new inputand output markets.The people who drive and protect the mod ideas are the entrepreneurs. They are responsible in designing and developing a programme of activities that push the mod idea forward.

Economic degrowth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic degrowth - taste ExampleThis is a good sign of economic degrowth. In terms of enhancing consumers health, the working condition of the workers, and preserving the useable economic and natural resources for future generations, the transition stage from economic growth to degrowth is one of the most comical political breakthrough that took place in the United States (Latouche, 2007). In line with this, Kennedy (2010) explained that cities that is undergoing degrowth process is characterized by a limited population density and self-sufficient even though there was a shift from urbanisation to rural way of active. In general, the population of cities that is undergoing degrowth process is usually below 10,000 residents per city (Bliss, 2011 Reinhardt, 2011). Depending on the sizing of geographic bea, population size of degrowth cities can be less than 50,000 (Mathivet, 2009). Because of the limited production and consumption of goods, cities that are focused on degrowth are the ones that could preserve their existing natural resources and energy resources without sacrificing the standards of living of people living in these cities. Q.2 How may this area be influenced by degrowth? At the end of the document you will secure a table with your name appearing alongside a particular theme (transport, accommodate, multifunctional urbanism, decision reservation processes, use of environmental technologies.) What area have you been invited to focus on Housing Inflation rate in the United Kingdom has significantly increased from 3.0 up to 5.0 between January 2009 up to January 2011 respectively (National Statistics, 2011). Because of the increasing abridge in the annual CPI inflation rate and interest rates in the US and UK market, the change price of ace detach houses has been significantly increasing over the past few years (Nordvik and Gulbrandsen, 2009). In 2001, there were as much as 215,000 companies building roughly 146,000 single-detached houses ( Glaeser, 2004). As a consequence in the high market prices of single detached houses, there is a shift from the demand for expensive single detached houses to low-cost and more low-cost multi-unit housing projects such as townhouses, apartment buildings, dormitories, or condo units (Murray, 2011 Reference for Business, 2011 Johanisova, Crabtree, and Frankova, 2010 Glaeser, 2004). In line with this, there are some constructors who are already designing multi-unit housing projects using low-cost pre-fabricated housing materials (Reference for Business, 2011). There are socio-economic advantages associated with the shift from single-detached houses to multi-unit houses. First, it is possible to increase the supply of affordable housing units to meet the increasing population in US and UK (Glaeser, 2004). Aside from effectively protecting the environment from the adverse consequences of consuming too much electricity, degrowth in the housing industry is also more efficient on the part of the consumers in terms of decreasing the cost of maintaining the quality of small-unit houses (Crawford and Heller, 2010 Register, 2010). Q.3 What has already been envisaged or limit in practice that would be welcomed by a de-growth society? Give some examples and indicate the concussion/ results of these alternatives (e.g. from slow-cities to the setting up of autonomous communities and the recuperation of community from

THE VICTORIAN ERA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

THE VICTORIAN ERA - Essay ExampleChildhood during the prudish duration was initially not associated with innocence and primitivism but as having inbred sin. The baby bird was hence boost at all quantify to endeavour to overcome sinful Adam and warned against donjon in his ways (Mitchell, 1996). Children were to a fault expected to help others with an aim of improving themselves and philanthropy was encouraged. As a result of the industrial revolution, women had the opportunity to tenderly care for their children as their husbands went about making money. The mothers religious intent at this time was to teach the child his/her patriotic duty of nation building. The fair sex had the duty of binding together her family with honor under the guidance of the written word. A good number of treatises specifically and practically guided the womanhood on all aspects of nursery life child education, dressing and healthcare (Mitchell, 1996).Miniature quilts were made for children that were such(prenominal)(prenominal) similar to those of adults. The child was taught about morality with the bible acting as guide together with books such as the pilgrims progress. In the 20th century the society became more children centred. Juvenile themes were used on quilts which include embroidery or appliqu.CURRENT PERCEPTION OF CHILDRENThe modern world recognizes the child as a genuinely important member of society and asserts their rights to be free from any kind of discrimination irrespective of its suffer or its parents colour, race, sex, political opinion, religion, ethnic, national or social origin, birth status, origin, disability or property. The girl child being a common target is given even extensiveer attention to avoid practices kindred female genital mutilation, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, son preference, parental sex selection,... The Victorian era whitethorn seem like a different world from the one we live in today. The era also has several features that are familiar with those of the modern day. One main difference between these two periods is the role and perception of children and women in the society.The place of women during the Victorian era has been clearly highlighted by Tennyson describing men as wielding swords firearm women stayed by the hearth holding needles. Queen Victoria became a model of domestic virtue and matrimonial stability during her time.Her marriage represented what marital harmony meant and was often referred to as the nations mother. She also was an icon of domesticity and middle-class femininity.The period between 1837 and 1901 is specially known as the Victorian Era as it coincides with the reign of the great Queen Victoria of England (Harrison & Ford, 1983). The Victorian era was one that was filled with prosperity in Britain as the realm made profits from its empires overseas and realised industrial improvements within England. This era saw the development of a large middle class that was adeq uately educated. The period is sometimes extended to include 1830 as a result of different sensibilities and political concerns associated with the people of this era.Today, women may not truly be aware of the benefits of living in a society that does not have a rigid class system. In the Victorian era, the womans role was rigidly defined offering very little (if any) alternatives for change. The modern woman of today is free and may choose an occupation of their choice without much restraint.

Letters to Editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letters to Editor - Essay Examplely opposing the pass along relayed in the original publications, these letters appear as an avenue for readers to express their opinions that contradict the information relayed by editors.The main purpose of these letters is to give responses to previous publications on sports-related issues on the newspaper. These letters are tell to the editor who relates to the publications attracting reactions through the given letters. To beat reference to the publications, the writers of the letters give the titles of the publications and the dates they appeared on the newspaper, similar to referencing in academic writing. Thus, the writer needs not to give the message relayed in the publication but gives personalised reaction outright. This style differs from general writing where an introduction, perhaps giving a summary of the message in the original publication and the objective of the current task, would be given to put the task into context. This diffe rence could make readers of the Letters to the Editor not to have the requisite background information. As such, it could cause a bankruptcy in understanding the objective of the letter. However, it is clear that the letters critique, with a majority seemingly criticizing, the message relayed in past

Fast Plants Materials and Methods Essay Example for Free

Fast Plants Materials and Methods EssayWhen first preparing our fast sets we had to found up quadruple antithetical frames that would dictate our variable of fluorescent light. Each system would provide light to our fast plants for different amounts of time per day. Our systems were set up for 0 hours of light, 6 hours of light, 12 hours of light, and 24 hours of light.To frame-up the lab we began to setup our lighting system with fluorescent a timer for from each unmatchable set of fast plants. Our 24 hours was set up in the classroom with a lighting system directly above it. For our 0,6, and 12 hours we hardened the fast plants inside of a cabinet to prevent the fast plants from being exposed to outside light. at one time our plant light houses were setup we began preparing the emergence systems and plants. We started by using a thoroughly wet wet mat and taper. We fed our wicks up through the bottom part of our plant pots, which were made out of Styrofoam. later on the wick was fed through we placed the water on natural elevation so the top 3cm of the wick was touching the water mat.After preparing the wick and water mat we then placed the prepared vulgarism and blue crystalized fertilizer in the plant pots. After the soil was placed we distributed 4 plant seed evenly throughout the plant pots. After we labeled each Styrofoam plant holder wherefore to date and variable used, we covered the plant seeds lightly with fertilizer.Once the seeds were planted we placed the Styrofoam holders on top of a container of water with bottoms of the wicks placed in the water. past we placed four different Styrofoam pots under each of our lighting systems. Once the plants were placed we made sure the plants were about 10cm below the light. After the growing system and plants were complete we set the timers for the light systems to four different times 0hrs, 6hrs, 12hrs, and 24hrs.After four days of growing we observed and measured each plant that grew in our 8 pots (4 seeds per pot). Once measured and the data was recorded, we withdraw the 3 smallest plants from each pot, which left us with 32 different fast plants. This method of removing plants to prevent overcrowding is called cutting. Each day we replenished the nutrient solution and replaced the plants so they were about 10cm from the light source.On day 18 we terminated and new buds or flowers so that the plant can focus on seed growth. Then on day 37 we removed our plants from our watering system and allowed them to dry until brown and crispy, which was about one week. Then we cut off our stems and seed pods and crushed the seed pods to acquire our seeds.

The Power of Illumination in Poetry Essay Example for Free

The Power of Illumination in Poetry EssayThe stunning power of illumination imbed in poetry is a luxury for reviewers who love to read verses. Compared to other genres in Literature such(prenominal) as short stories or plays, rimes offer insight in just one sitting, in a matter of minutes. In as few as four lines, the reader is offered an illumination about life story, invaluable insight that would make him understand the events in his life and the world in general. Such illuminations are demonstrate in the following poems London, by William Blake offers us a tour of the Londons gloomy streets. travel through the Dark, penned by William Stafford, gives the readers a poignant account of death. Ozymandias, scripted by Percy Bysshe Shelley, introduces the concept of kings and royalty in a new style. We Wear the Mask, written by Paul Laurence Dunbar emphasizes the need for human falsities in society. The humankind He Killed, by Thomas Hardy offers an alternate reality in resp ect to war. The History of War, by Billy Collins reveals the folly of cushioning the children from the spikes of the real world, of accurate history. My Papas Waltz, by Theodore Roethke offers the readers an delight account of a father and son relationship.Daystar, written by Rita Dove characterizes one aspect of motherhood. edge and Fall, penned by Gerard Manley Hopkins, renders the theme of mortality through a child named Margaret. The popular Robert Frost poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, documents the pull between responsibility and abandon. The wonderful poem, Rain, by Naomi Shihab Nye, describes gumshoe through the eyes of a child. The witty poem, Latin Women Pray, by Judith Ortiz Cofer gives a criticism on religion. And finally, the death poem in the list, Buffalo Bills/ defunct, by e.e. cummings, mourns the death of popular cowboy, William Frederick Buffalo Bill Cody.In London, by William Blake, the contribution characterizes London as a gloomy, oppressive pla ce. The images portrayed in the poem are ignominious and disturbing. Peoples faces are marked with woe and despair, and the only sound the reader hears in the poem are cries. The tone of the persona is obviously dark and foreboding, warning the reader of despair and death. William Staffords travelling through the Dark, on the other hand, uses the issue of death to illustrate a lesson about life. The persona gives the reader an account of a dead deer, pregnant with a doe, lying on a narrow road. The persona is confronted with a dilemma of making a choice.To leave the deer and its doe on the road would bewilder accidents and therefore cause more deaths, so he decides to push the deer to fall onto the river. Rich in figurative language, the poem effectively uses the word, swerve to prove the point that big decisions in life ability make a person radically change his convictions to get off the path he chose, so to speak. The popular poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, is ric h with symbolism. The persona, who is making his way home, stops by the woods long enough to admire its beauty, but short enough to emanate to his destination. Here, the reader clearly sees the divide between the call of responsibility and the luxury of pure abandoned pleasure.The approximately unconventional style in poetry is revealed in the poem of e.e. cummings entitled, Buffalo Bills/ defunct. The verses are written in a different form and pattern, the lines are slashed to emphasize a point. The poem is an ode, or more appropriately, a eulogy for William Frederick Buffalo Bill Cody, a popular figure in America. These poems win the reader a vicarious and enlightening experience about other places, about people, and about lifes big issues. The challenge for the reader is how to utilize this enlightenment, these points of illumination, for a better understanding of life.

ICT in Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

ICT in Manufacturing EssayIn the face of ever-increasing competition from international market, umpteen labour-intensive manufacturing companies face a stark choice automation, or evaporate. Here are some of the m any a(prenominal) ways in which computers are used in the manufacturing world. Order entry and treating systems accept and process customer orders. A full integrated system will also calculate the quantity and bell of materials needed to make the items request, produce reports on any shortages of materials in stock that need to be ordered and raise the purchase order. It will then track the progress of the order through the manufacturing process so that customer queries lowlife be answered. Project management packet provides management with the information necessary to corroborate projects within budget and on time. Reports can be produced showing actual costs versus projected costs, and the descend of days ahead or behind schedule. Expert systems can be used i n a multitude of ways from calculating the cost of a new multi-storey office block to detecting when a batch of beer is ready for the next stage of the brewing process.Bass the brewers has built a machine that can perform the daunting task of smelling beer and deciding if its up to snuff. The technology that makes this possible is neural computing, the subversive process that mimics the way the human brain works. The artificial nose makes a complex series of judgements establish on the electrochemical stimuli received by its gas sensors, and could save the brewers a fortune.By detecting an over-active yeast or a weak crop of hops at an early stage in the fermentation process, the nose could save us having to throw away a whole batch 345,600 pints of beer, explained Ian Morris of Bass. It is not skilful brewers who are interested in the artificial nose. Manufacturers of instant coffee, perfume and other aromatic products are spend huge sums, in co-operation with researchers at s everal universities, to build a better-than-human olfactory sensor. Source Garth Alexander, The Sunday time 19 September 1993.CAD systems allow designers and engineers to create designs on screen for thousands of products ranging from the tiniest computer chip to bridges, buildings and aeroplanes. The software allows users to create 3-dimensional solid models with physical characters like volume, weight and centre of gravity. The models can be rotated and viewed from any angle, edited and sorted. The computer can perform calculations to evaluate its performance under different stresses, or crash-test a new design of a car before it is even manufactured.Animation software can be used to enable a viewer to Walk through a 3-D model of say, a building that exists only in the computers memory. Precimax was founded in 1988 and has grown to a 30-employee company with an anticipated turnover in 1997 of i 1. 4 million. It offers a full manufacturing service from initial design through to su pply of fully finished components and assembles. Production is predominantly on CNC (computer numeric control) turning and machining centres, and programs can be created from customers drawings or today from CAD via modem or disk.Batches range from one-off up to 5,000, but are more typically in the 50 to 500 brackets. In size, turned components measure up to 250mm diameter. Precimax is a major supplier of components for train braking and entry systems and is currently producing parts for use in the platform edge doors for London Undergrounds Jubilee Line extension. It also has a contract with a postal equipment manufacturer for monthly deliveries of rollers and other parts for letter-sorting machines.Precimax uses Datatrack for Windows for keeping track of its annual 3,000 orders. The system includes estimating and quoting sales order processing, purchasing, job costing and delivery. The commercial director commented, A system to oversee this level of business is essential. With out it, we would be lost. It enables us to control cost and better understand our customers and manufacture. It gives us veracious information, so we can communicate with our customers on cost and deliveries quickly and with confidence.

Leading a Diverse Workforce Essay Example for Free

Leading a Diverse work force Essay1.0IntroductionThis report is an introduction to the circumstances of the diverse hands. It explains the causes of diverse men leads into past, present trends. Where focus has centred on the consequences, there be some advantageous and inexpedient outcomes which lead to pay-off of the organization. thitherfore, discussion moves forward to the difficulties that managers would face and the management solution. The report concludes with a discussion2.0Causes of Diverse manpowerWorkforce mixed bag is a workforce consisting of a broad mix of workers from different racial and heathenish background of different ages and grammatical genders, and of different domestic and national culture (Naik, 2012). The emergency and development of diverse workforce is basically the result of globalisation, which is the current developing trend of the world. To meet the challenge of globalisation, it is extremely necessary for an governing body to drive a di versity strategy than a domestic one (Naik, 2012). The diverse strategy enables the disposal to enlarge their customer base and market since the various backgrounds of employees make it oft easier to communicate with global customers. on that point is also another cause of diverse workforce which is the requirement of the law and responsibility for the society (McInnes, 2013). There be usually some disadvantaged people in our communities who may suffer discrimination and a lot of hardships. In consider of that, the political science has made anti-discrimination legislation to protect the rights of those disadvantaged people. Therefore, the presidency recruits people such as women, aboriginal and disabled individuals to form a diverse workforce as hall by the law and as a social obligation.3.0Past and Present TrendsThe trends of the workforce diversity in the organisation are dramatically difference between past and present, for the aspect of gender, genesis and ethnic. As t he globalisation is common around the world, especially in Australia where the place is encouraging multi ethnicism and immigration, there are more organisation manoeuver the workers with different pagan, it makes the work more diverse, such as the Vodafone and ANZ Bank. For example, ANZ Bank started to promote a diverse workplace since 1990s. They believed that the staff with a vibrant and diverse background and life experience apprise help to make strong connections with all their customers. Besides, in the past, the women in the workplace were automatically assigned to temporary or half-time jobs because their first priority was taking care of their families. It shows that most of the gender work in an organisation is male. However, surgical incision of direction and Early Childhood Development (2011, p.3) indicates that The proportion of women in the Australian workforce and in leaders positions is increasing since 1960 with 52% and compared with 70% in 2009. Nowadays, mo st women tend to work as a eternal worker and do not see it as temporary because women are become more independent. Therefore, the gender diverse in the workplace has a huge change from homogeneous to diverse, thus the organisation have been learning to treat women as the equals of men and discrimination against female employees are now against the law.4.0Consequences of Diverse Workforce4.1The advantages of having diverse workforceFirst of all, it can increase an organisations creativity, flexibility and innovativeness (Cole, 2013). More unspoilt ideas and different perspectives could be provided by diverse employees from various cultural backgrounds and mind-sets since they are more willing to ideate outside of the box (Belcher, 2014). Secondly, the diverse workforce can attract more different customers as the employees are capable to communicate across cultural boundaries which therefore give the organisation a competitive move on and help meet the needs and wants of globalis ation better (Belcher, 2014). What is more, the image and reputation of an organisation could be heighten through a group of diverse people and then retention can be improve because it appeals to some other competent talents (Cole, 2013). Loyalty of employees would also be reinforced since they are in a fair and friendly on the job(p) environment. Last but not lease, the proper utilisation of diverse workforce will result in greater productivity (Belcher, 2014).4.2 The disadvantages of having diverse workforceIn fact, diverse can lead to a conflict and some negative effect. Jensen (2011, para. 10) demonstrates that Communication is the key to breaking down the cultural barriers between people. As people with different cultural may easily have a communication problem, they will always cause misunderstanding which will harm on the job(p) relationships and damage working(a) environment and atmosphere. Therefore, a company ne beds a well planning to engage different background, cul ture, experience, cleverness and age of employees, and provide an effective policy on every member of the workplace.5.0The Pay-offThe advantages and disadvantages of diverse workforce are heatedly debated. As we mentioned above, a diverse workforce can assist an organisation in many aspects such as working environment, productivity and creativity. Generally speaking, a diverse workforce enables an organisation to be much better. Though a diverse workforce would cause some misunderstanding, the problems will be understand as long as the managers are able to handle it. Eventually, with the development of the diverse workforce, it turns out that the benefits overbalance the costs.6.0Challenges for managersThe change of workforce requires leaders to pay more attention to adjust policies for diverse employees made up of ages, genders, nationalities and more. Meanwhile, employees also need to know how to work and communicate with people who are different with dissimilar cultural backgro und. Diversity management practices are specific activities, programs, policies, and any other processes designed to improve management of diversity via communication, education and training, employee-involvement, career management, accountability and cultural change (Cieri, Costa, Pettit, Buttigieg, 2008, p.6). The people with various cultural backgrounds a typical kind of diversity. They could forge strong connections with customers coming from diverse background however, it might cause conflicts and misunderstandings because of their different understandings for things. In this case, in order to make full use of this kind of employees and force a nice working environment, managers are supposed to deliver the concept of accepting and understanding other cultures and let the employees sharecultural value.Multigenerational team is another kind of the diverse workforce. Because of backgrounds, circumstances or the different education level, multigenerational workforce is much easie r to bring about conflicts and misunderstandings. As a result, the function of leaders becomes significant and essential. They analyse and manage conflicts, maneuver all the work. More importantly, leaders know what kind of job each generation is qualified. For example, the younger generation is more likely to do the creative work while the older generation is better to do with the management.ConclusionAs it enters the 21st century, workforce diversity has become an essential business concern. Diversity could be a positive factor to contribute to the local business, but misunderstanding is a major barrier. Australia as a developed country is attracting people from all over the world to come for study and work. Therefore, the government should make a comprehensive policy to improve diverse workforce issue, such as the working condition and foreign workers permission standard of the entrance system in Australia. Person with disability is a typical kind of diversity. They might have a chievements that the normal people could not reach. Although they are not as efficient as others, they might have specific achievements that normal people could not reach. In this case, in order to make full use of them, leaders give this group more welfare as well as set up particular facilities to assistant them to work more efficiently and effectively. source listCieri, H., Costa, C., Pettit, T. Buttigieg, D. (2008). Managing a Diverse Workforce Attraction and Retention of Older Workers. Retrieved from http//www.buseco.monash.edu.au/mgt/research/acrew/ageing-workforce-wp-2008.pdf Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (2011). Human Resources Managing Diverse and Inclusive Workplaces, p.1-9. Retrieved from www.education.vic.gov.au/hrweb/Document/Mange-Diverse-Inclusive-Workplace.pdf Jensen, M. (2011). Special Issue on Impacts of Diversity in the WorkplaceMaintaining Open Communication. Aviary Group. Retrieved from www.aviarygroup.ca/special-issue-on-impacts-of-di versity-in-the-workplace-maintaining-open-communication/ McInnes, R. (2013). Workforce Diversity Changing the Way You Do Business. Diversity World. Retrieved from http//www.diversityworld.com/Diversity/workforce_diversity.htm Naik, P. (n.d.). Challenge for Business Survival-Managing Workforce Diversity. IOSR Journal of Business and Management. Retrieved from http//www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/7th-ibrc-volume-2/15.pdf

A considerate of contemporary management function Essay Example for Free

A considerate of contemporary steering function EssayA considerate of contemporary management function of the employer-employee relationship The half-dozen journal articles that have been looked at stem from the original Locke, (1982) article. Frederick W. Taylor popularised of scientific management. The essay get out discuss 5 aspects of Taylors ideas about scientific management and show how understandings of contemporary management functions and the employer-employee relationship have been actual from Taylors ideas. What was Taylors idea about the management? Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of otherwises so that their activities be completed efficiently and effectively. The ideas about the relationship mingled with employer and employee have been developed from a nother. Retain faultfinding employees is important and necessary. According to the Fitz-enz(1997), the company average losses 1 million with every 10 community who is the managerial and professional employees.In addition, the total cost of least(prenominal) a former employee at least a year of wages and benefits, up to deuce years of unpaid salary and benefits. This is a large economic loss with a company loses a number of critical employees. As a manager, we moldiness give employees adequate physiological, safety, love, esteem. One of the advice is managers should look into a way to motivate employees to achieve a passing(prenominal) and unmet needs through activities and exercises. Managers have a responsibility to create a suitable environment to jolly along employees to their fullest potential. If no such right environment, will lead to a big difference such as lower descent satisfaction, lower productivity, lower profit with a company. How to effectively improve the relationship between managers and employees? Taylor given 4 methods. (a) scientific management In Principles of Scientific Management (1911)Fredrick Winslow Taylor, the Father o f scientific management utilises scientific methods to define the one best way for a job to be done (b) Scientific selections.Taylor advocated selecting only first class(i.e., high aptitude) men for a given job beca utilisation their productivity would be some(prenominal) times greater than that of the average man. (c) Money bonus. Taylor claimed that the money is what employees want well-nigh, he thinks employees should be paid from 30% to 100% higher wages for to do his job. (d) Management responsibility for training. Taylor thought that most contemporary managers should fully accept the notion that training reinvigorated employees is their responsibility. My understanding about theemployer-employee relationship has also been shaped by these articles. I have learnt that (1) Scientific management piece of ass focus speed of employment, low cost production and availability of an unskilled workforce. In addition, todays use of scientific management croupe use time and motion s tudies to increase productivity, hire the best qualified employees and design incentive placements based on output. Equity theory is a theory of social comparison effect on employees. This theory appears to be very common, but it is very important.Equity theory refers to the rate of employees with their work output and input compargond with others. measure input includes the time of the work, work habits, work experience, work attitude, and so on. When they found unfair, they usually cant shift the rate of others, cant change their input, so employees will find ways to change their output. This may mean that they will reduce their work time or effort to work. Then, the manager can use the equity theory to motivate employees. Managers can use a more open system of remuneration paid for employees to understand each(prenominal) position and every effort should position relative to how a good deal salary can be get. (2) Scientific selections Everybody have their own good aspects, b ased on each person strengths and rational allocation of work. As a result, not only can bring effectively produce but also can make person enjoy their work. According to the Wren (1979) notes that Taylor focuses on scientific selection can promote the development of industrial psychology and personnel management and other areas. (3) Money bonus How to influence people?The most common method is money bonus. Such as up wages, bonuses, benefits. These things are the most effective way to influence the work of passion and power of a work. Through the Vrooms (1946) expectancy theory, we can find that an employee will play his better efforts when he is convinced that his efforts would be better evaluated. And these evaluations will bring him more rewards such as bonuses, salary increases. These rewards will meet staff personal goals. Individual employee attitudes and enthusiasm in their work will determine to a large extent a companys performance. According to the Porter (1968) and Lawle rs expectancy model of motivation, this model proposes two factors that determine spending on a number of tasks energy.The first is the personal rewards from work to get. These returns will be the psychological perception of employees is their own work to be sure. The second is that these returns will be formed job satisfaction. (4) Managementresponsibility for training The staff training is an essential element of human resource management. Managers cant ignore their training responsibilities. Understanding management system in staff training in this area can military service you build an effective training system to help you prepare new employees for their workTo sum up, from the six articles considered, scientific management can not only getting the most output from the least amount of inputs but also focus on those work activities that will help the company reach its goals. Taylors idea has shaped modern employer-employee relationships. Work is still specialised, personal are s till trained. The quality of work is still rewarded in bonuses, as well as other.Reference1.Three chapters in The Ideas of Frederick W Taylor An Evaluation. 2.Wren, D. A. The evolution of management thought (2nd ed.). New York Wiley, 1979. 3.Towards a unified model of employee motivation / Darren J. Elding, Andrew M. Tobias and David S. straits Chichester, West Sussex, England John Wiley Sons, Ltd., 2006 4.Kotter, John P. What effective general managers really do / John P. Kotter Boston etc. graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1982 5.Managing in the new millennium understanding the managers motivational tool bag / Patricia M. boule Burlington, Iowa, etc., National Research Bureau, etc., 2003 6.A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organiz Hollywood, FL Journal of American Academy of Business, 2004

CCOT Analysis Essay Example for Free

CCOT Analysis EssayThe Indian Ocean was a significant atom of water that was bounded primarily by the Indian Subcontinent, the Arabian Peninsula, and eastern Africa. Many changes occurred over m in the area, especi totallyy from 500 BCE and 1400 CE. The interaction of Buddhism and Confucianism altered, increased wealth came to new towns and ports, and population increased collectible to advancements in technology. Though there were many changes, many things stayed constant in the section. The Indian Ocean region continued to keep many economic/religious factors the same, such that Islamic world continued to go around and exotic goods liveed as the basis of trade. Buddhism and Confucianism were the main religious views in the Indian Ocean region. They both flourished ab initio keeping a stable ratio, but Buddhism began to diminish during the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty based their civil process exams on Confucianism, which as a result led to much focus on Confucianism and later to the downslope of Buddhism.Interactions between developing trade routes led to city popularity, wealth and success. Such cities include, Cairo, Quilon, and Melaka, which became major factors in Afro-Eurasian trade. applied science in the region also led to many different changes in the Indian Ocean region. The three-field reduce rotation rapidly changed the essay of cities. Since they were now able to grow dissimilar crops in the same area, more food and trade products came about. As urbanization increased, simultaneously, rural areas increased system also played a big role. As cities grew, they began to prosper. Agriculture boomed and therefore more opportunities for merchants were available as trade was excellent in the area.Many significant transitions and alterations occurred in the Indian Ocean region, which encouraged, primarily, economics, religion, and city success. Coming from the changes that occurred, many things also did remain the same in the Indian Oce an region. Islam continued to spread throughout the division. Trade relations suck existed between Arabia and the Indian subcontinent, which linked the Indian Subcontinent to the Islamic world. On top of Islams prosperous spreading, Indian trade was still and is still based on exotic goods.A good example of this could be how gold, slaves, silk, and spices were traded at around 150 CE, as well as 700-1000 CE. These constants were significant for the foundation of the regions trade, and the rise of a new religion. The Indian Ocean region had many changes and continuities that all occurred over time. Some changes were made including the rise of cities and trade, and the fall of Buddhism. The continuities include the constant spread of the Islamic world, and the same basis of trade exotic goods. These factors all shaped the region building a stronger base of advancement demographically, culturally, and economically.

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Freedom Ride of 1961 EssayDear Mother, Before completely else have been said and done, I deficiency you to know that I love you more than life itself. I want to assure you that you and arrest make up a very good set of parents. Your training made a believer out of me. Please understand that I refuse to keep quiet. I want to stand up for what I believe in and not but settle for existence angry about the injustices that I witness happening around me, whatever it takes. I want to live the barriers and overcome the sense of weakness that I feel.I do not want to be among those who would just dismiss such blatant injustices believing that they have no power to improve the situation. I want to be an agent of change. I believe that while young lives are at stake for climbing this protest, I have faith that in one way or the other, extensive media attention whitethorn be generated by the strike and the government will be ultimately forced to take action. I am offended by the mani festation of racism in our country. I believe that a throng of young people have what it takes to change the system.After only, it is us who have most to gain by addressing this pressing issue. I have to admit, mother that I am afraid. I am not instead sure if I am capable enough to handle the pressure that awaits me. I fear being sent to jail at the same time as I fear the attacks of angry mobs of counter-protesters I am about to confront. However, the goal to fulfill my mission is greater than my fear. I want to prove them wrong. The jejunenessfulness may have the reputation of being indifferent. But then again, if the elders serve as advisors and mentors to the youth, the former would contrive the latter in a different light.Almost often, people lay blame on the youth for their indifference and unawareness of the things that are happening around them. But this is not always true and I want the world to know that. As I youth, I believe it is my mission to be component of a group who can supply the most innovative approach, take the most risks, at all possible costs. I am certain that we can foster positive changes through nonviolence. I foretaste that this undertaking could lead the way for peaceful protests led by the youth in whom the future of our realm lies.I understand that my choice can prove to be one of the most painful decisions you and father would allow me to make. Rest assured you have brought me up well. If I ever decide to be a responsible citizen, I would be very much contented with the pride I can earmark behind. This endeavor is not just a struggle for a better and fair world for me. I am entering this battle to fight for mine, yours, and the rights of all the oppressed who can not wage a battle of their own. With all my love and respect, The name of the Son/Daughter

Explore the dramatic Essay Example for Free

Explore the dramatic Essay skirt Capulet, bugger off of the young Juliet, was only close to 13 when she wed the older sea captain Capulet. And now that Juliet has r all(prenominal)ed the age of teens where girls be meant to be ready for wedding ceremony and childbirth, she is being pushed to look for a husband, and that is arranged to be genus Paris. Although Juliet does not on the dot despise or sluice dis handle Paris, she does not feel comfortable weding or attempting to get to make do someone who has been pressure upon her without consent from her. Although Lady and nobleman Capulet might have the title of a married couple they are not close at all.Behind his certify Lady Capulet makes remarks and jokes that demise Lord Capulet such as when Lord Capulet calls for a trade put forward to fight, she laughs and says that he should instead be calling for a crutch as he is too old to fight. A crutch, a crutch Why call you for a sword? But on the other moot, when Lord Capulet is violently screaming at Juliet for disobeying him and refusing to marry Paris and therefore threatens to throw her out of the house, Juliet looks to her mother for support but alls eh says is that she should listen to her father.And even when she asks for the admits help she says that she better do what Lord Capulet says as she does not want to lose her job by going against what Lord Capulet, her employer and gay of the house she works in. So although they might not agree with allthing the man in charge says, they (the nurse and Lady Capulet) wouldnt dare go against him. As a mother, Lady Capulet is not really close to Juliet at all.When she wants to get the point across that she should be prepared to marry and that she should try and get to know Paris as he is the one she should marry, she brings the nurse in to try and help her connect with Juliet and get to her as the nurse is the one who really brought up Juliet from a young age. But rather than stick up for Juliet in her case that she does not want to marry yet, nurse agrees with Lady Capulet and she even makes an old make joke that embarrasses Juliet and which Lady Capulet seems to dislike and disagree with but in reality it is what Lady Capulet is trying to say. honey oil wilt fall backward when thou comest to age , wilt thou not, Jule? This joke is portraying that in those days women were not meant in society for much more than pleasuring the men and having babies. It is an honour that I day-dream not of. Here Juliet is summing up how she really feels about the option of marrying Paris. Although she is being polite to her mother by saying it would be an honour but she also makes it clear that it is not an honour that she doesnt want to have. therefore Lady Capulet starts to explain how many girls the same age or even younger than Juliet become wives and even mothers and she too was Juliets mother around the same age. This might seem to Lady Capulet that she is convincing Juliet that marrying is a adept thing and she can do it at that young age but she could easily be making Juliet second guess the chance of getting married because she can most likely see what Lady and Lord Capulets relationship is like and that they are actually detached from each other and are not very close as a married couple.Today the idea of getting married at an age of 13 or 14 sounds absurd and it is even illegal under todays laws. But back in the Juliets time it was common and accepted that men would usually marry women much younger than them, sometimes even half their age. Women did not have many rights such as voting, they rarely went to school and any money they inherited or managed to earn if the were lucky enough to have a job would go straight to their husband or the closest man to them such as their father or brother. This was not only accepted by the men but by everyone.Women just accepted that their sole figure was really to make babies, look after them and as sex toys. But in todays society it is very different as women are allowed to make any choices they want, they have the same rights as men and they are allowed to choose themselves when they want to get married or have a child as huge they agree with their partner. Juliets fathers thoughts also changed over time as at first off he says to Paris that although he can recall him Juliets impart in marriage, he must also woo her and get her to rage him.As soon as their marriage is put in jeopardy when one of Paris kinsmen is bulge outed, Lord Capulet is desperate to have the wedding and not have Paris shy away from Juliet so he instantly says to Paris that he can marry Juliet straight away and he comments on how they should marry three days time, as devil would be too short notice. But fettle your handsome joints gainst Thursday next, to go with Paris to St. Peters church. This also shows that Lord Capulet is not in complete control of everything and when the marriage of Juliet and Paris is put into danger, Lord Capulet desperately fights to save the marriage to rushing it to three days time.When Romeo and Juliet first meet at Capulets party they instantly fall in applaud and they have a sinister first embrace which sends them into the turmoils of love. Afterwards, when they both find out who the other is, they realize that they are meant to be on opposite sides of a bitter family feud. Tis but thy name that is my enemy thou art thyself, though not a Matague. Before their kiss, which Romeo is much more eager to have, Romeo and Juliet exchange words which are in the bod of a sonnet, the only one in the whole story. This sole use of a sonnet accentuates the feelings in their words and importance of the scenery.Romeo starts by talking about how he needs to soften Juliet with a kiss but Juliet holds back and says how in praying pilgrims pray and kiss by holding their hands against someone elses. Romeo comments on how hat they do with their hands, they should do w ith their lips. O consequently, dear saint, let lips do what hands do. As Juliet tempts and holds Romeo back, the text edition is written in the form of a sonnet as Shakespeare tries to emphasize the deep feelings being interchange surrounded by Romeo and Juliet. The sonnet uses rhyming to add a feeling of a poem to the text.The use of this private sonnet in the whole story also singles it out for the reader to know that it is very significant and highlights a key point in the relationship of Romeo and Juliet as it is the first time they met each other. Which mannerly devotion shows in this And palm to palm is holy palmers kiss. Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in ingathering They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. As shown in these alternate rhyming sentences, the text shows both Juliets ribbing and Romeos eagerness. It is also rhythmic and adds flow to the conversation between the dickens star crossed lovers.The balcony scene is where Romeo and Juliet fi rst express their true and deep feelings for each other. The balcony that at firsts separates Romeo and Juliet from touching each other acts as a symbol of the barriers of their familys history against each other. The balcony scene is an intense and decisive scene in the story as it is the point from where Romeo and Juliet cannot turn away from each other. It is the eastmost, and Juliet is the sun. Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon. When he talks of the east he is talking about how the sun (Juliet) rises and that she is the one which lights up his heart.Moon is often coincided with virginity and she, the sun, must kill the moon, or her virginity, and he is the one to help her do so. I am too bold, tis not to me she speaks two of the fairest stars in all the heaven This could come as a certain amount of surprise to a reader as it shows how Romeo does not have incredible amounts of confidence about getting to Juliets heart. But then he also talks how she is a star and that she is something out of this world and when she rests her chin in her hand he wishes that his hand was hers just so that she could get the opportunity to touch her face.See how she leans her cheek upon her hand O that I were a glove upon that hand, That I might touch that cheek As Juliet calls for Romeo she offers to give up her family name without hesitation and that her family name does not mean anything because she is in love. And Ill no yearner be a Capulet thou art thyself, though not a Montague whats in a name? With loves light wings did I oerperch these argues, for stony limits cannot hold love out. Here Romeo is talking about the wall of Juliets house which he has to climb to get to her is like the family difference which separates Romeo and Juliet from being happy together.But Romeo explains that like the high boundaries of the wall, the family feud they are tied up in is no match for the love Romeo has and he will not be stopped from loving her. Juliet is much more cau tious and nervous about Romeo being caught and facing the punishment if he does. If they do see thee, they will murder thee. Romeo, as shown sooner is much more eager to be one with Juliet while Juliet is constantly slightly holding back. bandage Romeo is willing to deposit on anything for his love for Juliet, Juliet says they are better off if they do not swear on anything at all as it is too sudden.And when Juliet insists that she has to leave Romeo asks why she has to leave him so unsatisfied. O wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? But then Juliet proposes that if Romeo wants to prove his profound love for her he should set up their marriage as soon as possible. If that thy bent of love be honourable, thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow. She also seems very reluctant to let him leave as she is forced to go back inside as she has been called for. Good night, good night Parting is such honied sorrow, that I shall say good night till it be morrow. Here, as like earlier in the balcony scene, the words of Juliet rhyme for more affect as it is a very heart felt sentence. create verbally also shows up in the next two lines when Romeo is talking, so Shakespeare must have felt that this was an important or true moment of love between Romeo and Juliet as there was earlier in the balcony scene. The balcony scene is most likely the scene with the greatest amount of feelings being expressed which are revealed through speech communication and forms of writing. Shakespeare does a very good job of making priorities stand out by making the wording the text is written in different from text he usually writes.The sonnet is a risky way to capture the attention of a reader and create an atmosphere really felt between the two star crossed lovers. In the two films, the original version and the modern version, the balcony scene is visualised in different ways but they also have many similarities. In both films, Romeo and Juliet or on opposite sides of a bitter fa mily feud and have to endure the fighting between the two families. The modern film, as expected, is very modernised. Rather than use swords for fighting, the two families have weapons such as guns and low-down hand knives.

The Effects of Technology on Decision Making Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Technology on conclusion Making Essay chosenronic computer bodys are whizz way that wellness give care digestrs guide incorporated engineering science into the medical field. indivi twofoldly computer system is unique, yet all rush a purpose, blend and structure. Deciding what computer system to choose, what software programs to incorporate and what the computer is needed to do are just a few burdens that have to be weighed when deciding which is outmatch suited for the health care organization. Many health care organizations elect to incorporate determination fight down systems. ratiocination bear systems have been in increasing affected role role attribute of care, increasing positive persevering outcomes and decreasing the potential of medical errors. Bar coding, robotics, interactive websites, electronic medical records, and e-scribing are just a few advances in engineering science. Advances in software, hardware, and networking all share co mmon carry on attributes in their ability to make bump cost- kerneliveness of care, quality of care, and access to care (Nobel Norman, 2003). With these attributes, the benefits are numerous in assisting with decision making in all aspects of health care.A discussion on the DIK Mode The key to the mixed relationship amid data, reading, and knowledge lies at the source of data and cultivation. The source of data and data is dual activities, and situations. Both activities and situations produce schooling (e. g. , relevant meaning to someone) that is captured, thus proper data, or becomes unaware. The key to dread the relationship between information and knowledge is to know where the information resides. Recollect that information is at its individual message that is generated from activities and situations.However, information resides in storage media (e. g. , database, print, video tapes, etc. ) in the form of data, or in the human mind as knowledge (in its simplest fo rm of know-what or the higher forms of know-how and know-why). If this is the trip, then extend between data and information in association with information and knowledge becomes evident, e. g. , they occupy different space at the same time. This also explains why many distinguish data and information, as well as information and knowledge as well suited. one mans data crapper be a nonher(prenominal) mans knowledge, and vice versa, depending on context (Stewart, 2002, p. 6).However, they are not exchangeable in monetary value of their accepted distinct definitions. So, what is a book knowledge, information or data? It is all the above in various context. A book is knowledge from the authors perspective, information for the impending reader, and data as well which is contained in a storage media (called book). A discussion of systems and informatics theories Direct intercourse represents an information processing world of systems.Systems have been designed to provide access to dat a, information, and knowledge for determination by carrys in a multifaceted and culturally diverse world. A system is defined as a series of well designed mechanism connected by communication links exhibiting resolute, goal enjoin behavior (King, 1996 p. 61). A common language among nurses worldwide would describe the categories of various systems wherever they occur. Nurses are becoming more(prenominal) knowledgeable of the technologies offered as health care organizations across the world incorporate applied science into their practices.Considering the nurse has the responsibility of the majority of the documentation, it is important to incorporate aspects of nursing classification systems to help with decision making. The transaction sue in Kings theory when use in interdisciplinary teams facilitates mutual goal-setting with patients found on each member of the teams specific knowledge and functions. This often facilitates role quasi(prenominal)ity and abide by for the k nowledge, skills, and values each member brings to the situation.An example of the usefulness of the nursing process, as process in technology use is the documentation of the nursing process in the computerized healthcare record. Information technology has enabled healthcare organizations to function as incorporated healthcare delivery networks, improve quality, and become socially and environmentally responsive (Davenport, Jarvenpaa, Beers, 1996 Tapscott Caston, 1993). nurse data must be included in computerized information systems in organizations or the nurses documentation becomes invisible.The nursing process is much broader than steps, the nursing process is an international method to use the domains body of knowledge organized in the structure of theory and nursing and nursing classifications. With acclivitous technology, and the integration of software applications, the ability to incorporate the nursing process and other health care information into a digital system ha s become a reality. As technology advances, incorporation of decision support systems also advances. The use of expert systems and decision support systems further the ability for technology to engage in decision making.The role of expert system in nursing care and medicine Expert systems in medicine are computer programs that give birth human based decisions by copying the judgments and behavior of humans, based on knowledge and experience from previous diagnosis and investigation derived from treatment and long-term care of patients with similar conditions as the present. That is why expert system is referred to as knowledge- base information system. The expert system is an mushy intelligent branch of computer generated thought with a very narrow focus.It is utilize in health care because the system functions very well with specific activities or problems and a discrete database of digitalized facts, rules, cases and models. Using patient data, its incorporated knowledge base, its inference engine, and the expert system hatful derive specific advice related to the case being treated. Expert systems basically act as if a Doctor or Nurse would, when they project a decision on courses of treatment. Diagnosing, predicting, interpreting and instructing are quad interactive roles that form the activities of the expert system. The use of decision aids and decision support systems termination support systems usually have numerous functions when apply in hospital or healthcare settings. They are nighly used in specific decision-making activities. Decision support system relies on computer hardware, software and information for effective function. They can be used as knowledge-based and also as non- knowledge -base. One of its functions is administrative, in which they help in documentation of clinical information, decide whether a procedure is appropriate for treating a certain condition, and decide if a referral is necessary, to whom or where, and make follo w-ups on the referrals.They help in keeping patients on protocol in situations like chemotherapy treatment or just re pursuit. Decision support systems also help in tracking orders whether medical or immaterial shipments. They are very efficient in avoiding mistakes such as scheduling unnecessary tests. most(prenominal) importantly, Decision support systems help in making the right diagnosis, providing different treatment options and suggesting the meliorate option, and help interpret after the patients and hospital population as a whole.Decision aids are mostly used in helping the patient or care-giver decide which treatment is best for the condition being considered. Decision aids can also be used in referrals of patient to nurse call-centers or patient education services available. In the future decision support system pull up stakes incorporate four criteria robustness, ease of control, simplicity, and completeness of relevant detail. Reusability go out be proficient throu gh some type of software or hardware framework in compliance to Alters model, enabling companies to take benefit of basic, infer models common to a range of scenarios.The history of Decision Support Systems is a short one, making it slow to map out the steps and growth of this relatively new concept. Even small improvements to current systems will enable all companies to make improved decisions about the marketing of products, which will in the long mental test aid the economy as a whole by placing in it only the most suitable and successful products. A framework that represents the backbone of decision support system will enable companies that would not normally work together on marketing concepts to bring together their efforts.The core system will progress to one that will in real meaning constantly learn from past practice. The uses of technology for patient and client management Technology for patient and client management is changing the health care system effortless. Info rmatics is a specialized computer science used to manage information technology. Most healthcare settings have IT departments, yet nurses need to be able to use and retrieve valuable patient information to give patient care. Electronic medical records, also known as EMR, are the most recent and largest application of technology in the health care field.The use of EMR allows for documentation and a more cohesive interdisciplinary care plan for the patient. Another popular trend in healthcare is to have an integrated EMR with other aspects of patient care including patient appointments, assessments, billing and personal information, and other outpatient tests. Within this integrated patient record, a computer can keep documentation of many areas of a patients care can provide easy access to the records from any place to any medical personnel.Technology such as this decreases the gaps in medical care the time spent on documentation, and reduces medical errors. This in turn saves coin for health care providers. Another form of technology that is used in patient care is the internet. It can be used for retrieval of data for patient education. The internet can be used to search multiple sources of information with efficiency. The biggest concern with the use of the internet is that the electronic source must be evaluated for credibility and reliability.The internet is allows for quick communication amount healthcare professionals to enhance collaboration and coordination of care (Englebardt Nelson, 2002). An analysis of the effect of technology on health care and health status The medical care field is allowing expanding technology of the twenty-first century to be integrated into patient care. Technology has allowed surgical procedures to be simplified, patients recover quicker, and fewer complications occur. This also decreases the length of stay for a patient and therefore decreases medical costs.Technology has also do it possible for a patients medical histo ry to be all in one spot, accessible for all members of the health care team, and from any area of the world. The use of technology advances have resulted in better health care delivery and patient outcomes. As health care organizations integrate ethnology into their daily practices, they are faced with many complexities. DIK models, health informatics systems, and decision support systems must be created to improve patient care, increase efficiency among health care staff, decrease costs or be cost-effective, and increase positive patient outcomes.Decision making technology, such as decision support systems, must trifle timelines, objectivity, have the ability to integrate with other software applications, have boundaries, and be able to prioritize information and gathered data. The quantity and complexity of decisions faced by the health care executive demand convertible decision processes (Englebardt Nelson, 2002). Efforts to improve the quality and value of health care are i ncreasingly emphasizing a critical role for the meaningful use of clinical decision support systems.The use of health information technology (HIT), health information systems (HIS), electronic medical records (EMR), electronic health records (EHR), and Pyxsis systems are just a few computer software programs that integrate DSS to provide supportive tools to assist health care providers in clinical decisions. Conclusion Technology will continue to change. It is important for health care organizations to embrace these changes to better the delivery of medical care. As technology advances, the ability for health care consumers to gain a better understanding of their diagnosis and treatment options, such as the internet, also advances.Patients are expecting faster service, use of the best technology, and are choosing health care facilities based on how advanced technologically the facility is. The decision support technologies will assist the physicians and other medical staff to be abl e to provide faster responses and increase patient satisfaction.

Google Inc. is an American multinational corporation Essay Example for Free

Google Inc. is an Ameri croup multinational potentiometer EssayThese hold reckon, cloud computing, software, and online publicise technologies. Most of its profit are derived from AdWords. Google was founded by Larry pageboy and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University. To put downher they own about 16 pct of its shares.They incorporated Google as a privately held caller-out on family 4, 1998. An initial public oblation followed on August 19, cardinal hundred4. Its charge statement from the outset was to organize the worlds information and obligate it univers anyy go on-at-able and rehearseful, and its un authoritative slogan was Dont be evil. In 2006 Google moved to liberty chitquarters in Mountain View, California, nick micturated the Googleplex. Rapid harvest-festival since in corp has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions and compacts beyond Googles ticker await locomotive.It offers online productivity software including e send, an division suite, and social neting . Desktop products include applications for web browsing, organizing and editing photos, and present moment messaging. The keep fraternity leads the development of the Android mobile in operation(p) system and the browser-only Chrome OS for a netbook known as a Chromebook. Google has moved increasingly into communications ironware it partners with major electronics manufacturers in production of its high-end Nexus devices and acquired Motorola Mobility in may 2012.In 2012, a fibreoptic infrastructure was installed in Kansas City to facilitate a Google Fiber broadband returns. The corporation has been estimated to run more than than cardinal unmatched thousand thousand servers in data centers a musical rhythm the world and to process everywhere adept billion try requests and about 24 petabytes of exampler- affordd data each day. In December 2012 Alexa heeled google.com as the most visited website in the world. Numerous G oogle sites in other languages figure in the top one c, as do some(prenominal) other Google- own sites much(prenominal) as YouTube and Blogger. Its market dominance has led to criticism over issues including copyright, censorship, and privacy. HistoryGoogle began in January 1996 as a research pop by Larry rascal and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California. opus conventional search engines ranked go outs by counting how many ms the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about abetter system that analyzed the relationships between websites. They called this tender technology rogueRank it persistent a websites relevance by the number of pages, and the impressiveness of those pages, that linked back to the original site.A sharp search engine called RankDex from IDD Information Services intentional by Robin Li was, since 1996, already exploring a akin strategy for site-scoring and page ranking. The technolo gy in RankDex would be patented and used slowlyr(prenominal) when Li founded Baidu in China. Page and Brin originally nick get wordd their sore search engine BackRub, because the system checked back cogitate to estimate the importance of a site. Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word googol, the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information.Originally, Google ran at a lower place Stanford Universitys website, with the populaces google.stanford.edu and z.stanford.edu. The domain name for Google was registered on phratry 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in a friends . In January 2013, Google proclaimed it had earned $50 billion in annual r take downue for the year of 2012. This marked the archetypical cartridge clip the company had reached this feat, topping their 2011 total of $38 billion. Financing and initial public offeringThe first supporting for Google was an August 1998 contribution of from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of sunlight Microsystems, given before Google was incorporated. Early in 1999, while graduate students, Brin and Page decided that the search engine they had developed was taking up too much time and distracting their academician pursuits. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to rat it to him for $1 billion. He rejected the offer and later criticized Vinod Khosla, one of Excites venture capitalists, after he negotiated Brin and Page down to $750,000.On June 7, 1999, a $25 million round of funding was proclaimed, with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers and Sequoia Capital. The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share. Shares were sold in an online auction format utilize a system built by Morgan Stanley and reference work Suisse, underwriters for the deal. The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion.The vast majorityof the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google, and many Google employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo, a competitor of Google, in any case benefited because it owned 8.4 million shares of Google before the IPO took place. There were concerns that Googles IPO would lead to changes in company culture. Reasons ranged from shareholder oblige for employee benefit reductions to the fact that many company executives would become instant paper millionaires. As a reaction to this concern, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised in a report to potential investors that the IPO would not change the companys culture.In 2005, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy. In an effort to maintain the companys eccentric culture, Google designated a Chief coating Officer , who also serves as the Director of Human Resources. The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on a flat organization with a collaborative environment. Google has also face up allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees.The stock performed well after the IPO, with shares hitting $700 for the first time on October 31, 2007, principally because of strong gross sales and earnings in the online publicizing market. The surge in stock price was furnish mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds. The contiguous year, against Page and Brins initial opposition toward an advertizing-funded search engine, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords.When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged(a) infringements of the companys pay-per-click and bidding pa tents. Overture Services would later be bought by Yahoo and renamed Yahoo appear Marketing. The persona was then settled out of court Google agreed to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo in exchange for a perpetual license. In 2001, Google received a patent for its PageRank mechanism. The patent was officially charge to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased an office entangled from Silicon Graphics at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California.The complex became known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. The Googleplex interiors were designed by Clive Wilkinson Architects. Threeyears later, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million. By that time, the name Google had found its way into everyday language, ca exploitation the verb google to be added to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford Engli sh Dictionary, denoted as to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet. 2013 onwardGoogle announced the launch of a invigorated company called Calico on September 19, 2013, which exit be led by Apple chairman Arthur Levinson. In the official public statement, Page explained that the wellness and wellbeing company provide focus on the challenge of ageing and associated diseases. As of September 2013, Google operates 70 offices in more than 40 countries. Google celebrated its 15-year anniversary on September 27, 2013, although it has used other dates for its official birthday.The reason for the choice of September 27 remains unclear, and a dispute with rival search engine Yahoo Search in 2005 has been suggested as the cause. The Alliance for Affordable Internet was launched in October 2013 and Google is part of the merger of public and private organisations that also includes Facebook, Intel and Microsoft.Led by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more low-priced so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will athletic supporter to decrease internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commissions worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.The corporations consolidated revenue for the third quarter of 2013 is reported in mid-October 2013 as US$14.89 billion, a 12 percent summation compared to the previous quarter. Googles Internet business was responsible for US$10.8 billion of this total, with an increase in the number of users clicks on advertisements. Acquisitions and partnershipsSince 2001, Google has acquired many companies, primarily small venture capital-funded firms. In 2004, Google acquired Keyhole, Inc. The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a triplet-dimensional view of the Earth. Google renamed the armed service to Google Earth in 2005. Google acquired Urchin Software in April 2005, using thei r Urchin on Demand product to create Google Analytics in 2006.In October 2006, Google announced that it had acquired the icon-sharing site YouTubefor US$1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13, 2006. Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTubes travel rapidly woos, and YouTubes revenues in 2007 were noted as not material in a regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 YouTube revenue at US$200 million, noting progress in publicizing sales. On April 13, 2007, Google reached an accordance to acquire DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies.Later that same year, Google purchased Grand primeval for $50 million. The site would later be changed over to Google Voice. On August 5, 2009, Google bought out its first public company, purchasing delineation software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million. Google also acqu ired Aardvark, a social electronic network search engine, for $50 million, and commented on its internal blog, were looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take it. In April 2010, Google announced it had acquired a hardware startup, Agnilux. In addition to the many companies Google has purchased, the company has partnered with other organizations for research, advertising, and other activities. In 2005, Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to shape up of offices.The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October 2005 to helper share and distribute each others technologies. The company also partnered with AOL to enhance each others video search go. Googles 2005 partnerships also included financing the tonic .mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, along with other companies including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson.Google would later launch AdSense for Mobile, taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market. Increasing its advertising reach even further, Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corporation entered into a $900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on the then-popular social networking site MySpace. In 2007, Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks Santa, displacing former sponsor AOL. NORAD Tracks Santa purports to follow Santa Claus progress on Christmas Eve, using Google Earth to shack Santa in 3-D for the first time. Google-owned YouTube gave NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel.In 2008, Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providingGoogle with high-resolution imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on September 6, 2008. Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting an archive of Life Magazines photographs. Some of the images in the archive were neer published in the magazine. The photos were watermarked and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos, regardless of public domain status. In 2010, Google Energy make its first investment in a renewable capability project, move $38.8 million into two wriggle farms in North Dakota.The company announced the two locations will generate 169.5 megawatts of power, enough to supply 55,000 homes. The farms, which were developed by NextEra Energy Resources, will reduce fossil fuel use in the region and return profits. NextEra Energy Resources sold Google a twenty-percent stake in the project to get funding for its development. In February 2010, the federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC granted Google an authorization to buy and sell energy at market rates.The order specifically states that Google Energya subsidiary of Googleholds the rights for the sale of energy, capacity, and supplementary services at market-based rates, but acknowledges that neither Google Energy nor its affiliates own or control any extension or transmission facilities. The corporation exercised this authorization in September 2013 when it announced that it will purchase all of the electricity produced by the not-yet-built 240-megawatt Happy Hereford wind farm. Also in 2010, Google purchased Global IP Solutions, a Norway-based company that provides web-based teleconferencing and other related services.This acquisition enabled Google to add tele knell-style services to its list of products. On May 27, 2010, Google announced it had also closed the acquisition of the mobile ad network AdMob. This occurred days after the Federal Trade Commission closed its investigation into the purchase. Google acquired the company for an undisclosed amount. In July 2010, Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy 114 megawatts of energy for 20 years. On April 4, 2011, The Globe and Mail reported that Google bid $900 million for six thousand Nortel Networks patents.On Aug ust 15, 2011, Google made its largest-ever acquisition to-date when announced that it would acquire Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion field of view to approval from regulators in the United States and Europe. In a post on Googles blog, Google Chief executive director and co-founder Larry Page revealed that the acquisition was astrategic move to strengthen Googles patent portfolio. The companys Android operating system has come under fire in an industry-wide patent battle, as Apple and Microsoft have sued Android device makers much(prenominal) as HTC, Samsung, and Motorola.The merger was completed on the May 22, 2012, after the approval of Peoples Republic of China. This purchase was made in part to help Google gain Motorolas considerable patent portfolio on mobile phones and wireless technologies to help protect it in its ongoing patent disputes with other companies, mainly Apple and Microsoft After the acquisition closed, Google began to reconstitute the Motorola business to f it Googles strategy. On August 13, 2012, Google announced plans to layoff 4000 Motorola Mobility employees. On December 10, 2012, Google sold the manufacturing operations of Motorola Mobility to Flextronics for $75 million.As a part of the agreement, Flextronics will manufacture undisclosed Android and other mobile devices. On December 19, 2012, Google sold the Motorola Home business division of Motorola Mobility to Arris Group for $2.35 billion in a cash-and-stock transaction. As a part of this deal, Google acquired a 15.7% stake in Arris Group valued at $300 million. On June 5, 2012, Google announced it acquired Quickoffice, a company widely known for their mobile productivity suite for both iOS and Android. Google plans to immix Quickoffices technology into its own product suite.On February 6, 2013, Google announced it had acquired Channel Intelligence for $125 million. Channel Intelligence, a technology company that helps customers buy products online, is active globally in 31 contrasting countries and works with over 850 retailers. Google will use this technology to enhance its e-commerce business. The official confirmation of Googles acquisition of the Israel-based startup Waze occurred in June 2013. Waze is promoted as a community-based traffic and navigation app.Following the acquisition of Waze, Google submitted a 10-Q filing with the Securities Exchange Commission that revealed that the corporation spent US$1.3 billion on acquisitions during the first half of 2013. The filing also revealed that the Waze acquisition cost Google US$966 million, instead of the US$1.1 billion figure that was initially presented in media sources.The 2012 acquisition of WIMM Labs, a company that previously made an Android-powered smartwatch, was confirmed in August 2013. As of August 31, 2013, Google has not publicly commented on the news concerning WIMM Labs. The acquisition ofFlutter, a creator of hand gesture recognition technology, was confirmed by the corporation in early October 2013.The reported price is US$40 million and Google spokesperson stated Were genuinely impressed by the Flutter teams ability to design new technology based on cutting edge research. Flutters technology allows users to enact hand gestures to control navigation for apps such as iTunes, Windows Media Player, and Winamp. Google data centersAs of 2011, Google Inc. owned and operated six data centers across the U.S., plus one in Finland and another in Belgium. On September 28, 2011, the company announced plans to build three data centers at a cost of more than $200 million in Asia and purchased the land for them. Google said they will be operational within two years. Products and servicesAdvertisingFor the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues. In 2011, 96% of Googles revenue was derived from its advertising programs. Using technology from the company DoubleClick, Google can determine user interests and target advertisements so they are relevant to their context and the user that is viewing them. Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, for example by examining click rates for all the links on a page. Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program.Googles AdWords allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, done either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme. The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website and earn money every time ads are clicked. One of the criticisms of this program is the possibility of click fraud, which occurs when a person or automated handwriting clicks on advertisements without being interested in the product, causing the advertiser to pay money to Google unduly.Industry reports in 2006 claimed that about 14 to 20 percent of clicks were fraudule nt or in legal. In February 2003, Google stopped showing the advertisements of Oceana, a non-profit organization protesting a major cruise ships sewage treatment practices. Google cited its editorialpolicy at the time, stating Google does not accept advertising if the ad or site advocates against other individuals, groups, or organizations.The policy was later changed. In June 2008, Google reached an advertising agreement with Yahoo, which would have allowed Yahoo to feature Google advertisements on its web pages. The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized because of antitrust concerns by the U.S. Department of Justice. As a result, Google pulled out of the deal in November 2008. In an exertion to advertise its own products, Google launched a website called Demo Slam, developed to demonstrate technology demos of Google Products. Search engineAccording to market research published by comScore in November 2009, Google Search is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of 65.6%. Google indexes billions of web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire through the use of keywords and operators. In 2003, The New York Times complained about Googles indexing, claiming that Googles caching of content on its site infringed its copyright for the content. In this case, the United States District Court of Nevada ruled in favor of Google in Field v.Google and Parker v. Google. The publication 2600 The plug Quarterly has compiled a list of words that the web giants new instant search feature will not search. Google Watch has criticized Googles PageRank algorithms, saying that they discriminate against new websites and favor effected sites. The site has also alleged that there are connections between Google and the National Security Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency.Google also hosts Google Books. The company began scanning books and uploading contain previews, and dependable book s where allowed, into its new book search engine. The Authors Guild, a group that represents 8,000 U.S. authors, filed a class action suit in a New York City federal court against Google in 2005 over this service.Google replied that it is in compliance with all existing and pastal applications of copyright laws regarding books. Google last reached a revised settlement in 2009 to limit its scans to books from the U.S., the UK, Australia, and Canada. Furthermore, the Paris Civil Court ruled against Google in late 2009, asking it to remove the works of La Martinire from its database. In competition with Amazon.com, Google sells digital versionsof new books.On July 21, 2010, in response to Bing, Google updated its image search to display a streaming sequence of thumbnails that hyperbolise when pointed at. Though web searches still appear in a batch per page format, on July 23, 2010, vocabulary definitions for certain English words began appearing above the linked results for web sea rches. The Hummingbird update to the Google search engine was announced in September 2013. The update was introduced over the month prior to the announcement and allows users ask the search engine a question in natural language rather than entering keywords into the search box. productiveness toolsGmail, a free webmail service provided by Google, was launched as an invitation-only genus Beta program on April 1, 2004, The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009, at which time it had 146 million users monthly. The service was the first online electronic mail service with one gigabyte of computer memory. It was also the first to keep emails from the same conversation together in one thread, similar to an Internet forum. The service offers over 15 GB of free storage, shared with other Google Apps, with additional storage ranging from 20 GB to 16 TB visible(prenominal) for per 1 GB per year.Gmail uses AJAX, a programming technique that allows web pages to be interactive without refreshing the browser. Steve Ballmer, Liz Figueroa, Mark Rasch, and the editors of Google Watch have criticised the privacy of Gmail, but Google claims that mail sent to or from Gmail is never read by a human being beyond the musical score holder and is only used to improve relevance of advertisements. In 2004, Google started opensource software project hosting, called Google Code, which allows developers to download unelaborated programs at no charge.Google Docs, another part of Googles productivity suite, allows users to create, edit, and collaborate on documents in an online environment, similar to Microsoft Word. The service was originally called Writely, but was obtained by Google on March 9, 2006, and was released as an invitation-only preview. On June 6 after the acquisition, Google created an observational spreadsheet editing program, which was combined with Google Docs on October 10. Enterprise productsGoogle Search Appliance was launched in February 2002, targ eted toward providing search technology for big organizations. Google Apps allowsorganizations to bring Googles web application offerings, such as Gmail and Google Docs, into their own domains. The service is available in some(prenominal) editions a basic free edition, Google Apps for Business, Google Apps for Education, and Google Apps for Government. In the same year Google Apps was launched, Google acquired Postini and proceeded to integrate the companys security technologies into Google Apps under the name Google Postini Services. Other productsGoogle Translate is a server-side machine translation service, which can translate between 35 different languages. The software uses corpus linguistics techniques, where the program learns from professionally translated documents, specifically UN and European Parliament proceedings. Google launched its Google News service in 2002, an automated service which summarizes news articles from various websites. In March 2005, Agence France Pre sse sued Google for copyright infringement in federal court in the District of Columbia, a case which Google settled for an undisclosed amount in a pact that included a license of the full text of AFP articles for use on Google News.In 2006, Google made a bid to offer free wireless broadband access end-to-end the city of San Francisco along with Internet service provider EarthLink. Large telecommunications companies such as Comcast and Verizon opposed the efforts, claiming it was dirty competition and that cities would be violating their commitments to offer local monopolies to these companies. In his testimony before Congress on network neutrality in 2006, Googles Chief Internet Evangelist Vint Cerf blamed the tactics on the fact that closely half of all consumers lack choice in broadband providers.Google currently offers free wi-fi access in its hometown of Mountain View, California. In 2010, Google announced the Google Fiber project with plans to build an ultra-high-speed broa dband network for 50,000 to 500,000 customers in one or more American cities. On March 30, 2011, Google announced that Kansas City, Kansas would be the first community where the new network would be deployed. In July 2012, Google completed the construction of a fiber-optic broadband internet network infrastructure in Kansas City, and after building an infrastructure, Google announced pricing for Google Fiber.The service will offer three options including a free broadband internet option, a 1Gbit/s internet option for $70 per month, and a version thatincludes television service for $120 per month. The project, called Android, turned out not to be a phone but an operating system for mobile devices, which Google acquired and then released as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license. Google provides a software development kit for developers so applications can be created to be run on Android-based phones. In September 2008, T-Mobile released the G1, the first Android-based ph one.On January 5, 2010, Google released an Android phone under its own company name called the Nexus One. A report in July 2013 stated that Googles share of the global smartphone market, led by Samsung products, was 64% in March 2013. Other projects Google has worked on include a new collaborative communication service, a web browser, and a mobile operating system. The first of these was first announced on May 27, 2009. The company described Google Wave as a product that helps users communicate and collaborate on the web.The service is Googles email redesigned, with realtime editing, the ability to embed audio, video, and other media, and extensions that further enhance the communication experience. Google Wave was initially in a developers preview, where interested users had to be invited to test the service, but was released to the general public on May 19, 2010, at Googles I/O keynote. On September 1, 2008, Google pre-announced the upcoming availability of Google Chrome, an open source web browser, which was then released on September 2, 2008.On July 7, 2009, Google announced Google Chrome OS, an open source Linux-based operating system that includes only a web browser and is designed to log users into their Google account. Google Goggles is a mobile application available on Android and iOS used for image recognition and non-text-based search. In addition to scanning QR codes, the app can recognize historic landmarks, import business cards, and solve Sudoku puzzles. While Goggles could originally identify people as well, Google has limited that functionality as a privacy protection.In 2011, Google announced Google Wallet, a mobile application for wireless payments. In late June 2011, Google soft-launched a social networking service called Google+. On July 14, 2011, Google announced that Google+ had reached 10 million users just two weeks after it was launched in this limited trial phase. After four weeks in operation, it reached 25 million users.At a launch event on July 24, 2013 in San Francisco, U.S., a newer version of the Nexus 7 Google inkpad device was released to the public, alongside theChromecast dongle that allows users to stream YouTube and Netflix videos via smartphones. In 2013 Google launched Google Shopping Express, a delivery service initially available only in San Francisco and Silicon Valley. Moto XSpeaking at the D11 conference in Palos Verdes, U.S. in late May 2013, Motorola CEO Dennis Woodside, a former Google employee, announced that a new mobile device will be built by his company, which is wholly owned by Google, at a 500,000 square-feet facility in Texas, U.S. formerly used by the Nokia company.The facility will employ 2,000 people by August 2013 and the new phone, named the Moto X, will be available to the public in October 2013. The Moto X features Google Now software, and an array of sensors and two microprocessors that will mean that users can interact with in very different ways than you can with other d evices, in the words of Woodside. Media reports suggest that the phone will be able to activate functions preemptively based on an sensory faculty of what the user is doing at any given moment. Corporate affairs and cultureOn Fortune magazines list of best companies to work for, Google ranked first in 2007, 2008 and 2012 and fourth in 2009 and 2010. Google was also nominated in 2010 to be the worlds most attractive employer to graduating students in the Universum Communications talent attraction index. Googles corporate philosophy includes principles such as you can make money without doing evil, you can be serious without a suit, and work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun. EmployeesAfter the companys IPO, founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page and CEO Eric Schmidt requested that their base profit be cut to $1. Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been turned down, primarily because their main pay continues to come from owning stock in Google. Before 2004, Schmidt made $250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each received an annual salary of $150,000. In 2007 and early 2008, several top executives left Google.In October 2007, former chief financial ships officer of YouTube Gideon Yu joined Facebook along with Benjamin Ling, a high-ranking engineer. In March 2008, Sheryl Sandberg, then vice-president of global online sales and operations, began her position as chief operating officerof Facebook. At the same time, Ash ElDifrawi, formerly head of brand advertising, left to become chief marketing officer of Netshops. On April 4, 2011, Larry Page became CEO and Eric Schmidt became Executive Chairman of Google. In July 2012, Googles first female employee, Marissa Mayer, left Google to become Yahoos CEO.As a motivation technique, Google uses a policy often called Innovation Time Off, where Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time on projects that interest them. Some of Googles newer services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors. In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Googles Vice President of Search Products and User Experience until July 2012, showed that half of all new product launches at the time had originated from the Innovation Time Off.GoogleplexGoogles headquarters in Mountain View, California, is referred to as the Googleplex, a play on words on the number googolplex and the headquarters itself being a complex of buildings. The mansion house is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, old server clusters, and a projection of search queries on the wall. The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles.Each employee has access to the corporate refreshment center. Recreational amenities are scattered passim the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, table football, a baby grand piano, a billiard table, and ping pong. In addition to the recreation room, there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks, with special emphasis placed on nutrition. Free food is available to employees 24/7, with nonrecreational vending machines prorated favoring nutritional value. In 2006, Google moved into of office space in New York City, at 111 Eighth Avenue in Manhattan.The office was specially designed and built for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships. As of February 2012, a significant engine room team is based in New York City, and has been responsible for more than 100 engineering projects, including Google Maps, Google Spreadsheets. As of September 2013, Googles East Coast office is located at 76 Ninth Ave, New York City, New York.In November 2006, Google opened offices on Carnegie Mellons campus in Pittsburgh, focusing on shopping-related advertisement coding and smartphone applications andprograms. By late 2006, Google also established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Other office locations in the U.S. include Ann Arbor, Michigan Atlanta, Georgia Austin, Texas Boulder, Colorado Cambridge, Massachusetts New York City San Francisco, California Seattle, Washington Reston, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. Furthermore, Google has several transnational offices.In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide up to 1.6 megawatts of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus energy needs. The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world. The idea of trimming lawns using goats originated from R. J. Widlar, an engineer who worked for National Semiconductor.Google has faced accusations in Harpers Magazine of being an energy glutton. The company was accused of employing its Dont be evil motto and its pub lic energy-saving campaigns to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy its servers require. Easter eggs and April Fools Day jokesGoogle has a tradition of creating April Fools Day jokes. On April 1, 2000, Google MentalPlex allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web. In 2007, Google announced a free Internet service called TiSP, or Toilet Internet Service Provider, where one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet.Also in 2007, Googles Gmail page displayed an announcement for Gmail Paper, allowing users to have email messages printed and shipped to them. In 2008, Google announced Gmail Custom time where users could change the time that the email was sent. In 2010, Google changed its company name to capital of Kansas in honor of Topeka, Kansas, whose mayor changed the citys name to Google for a short amount of time in an attempt to sway Googles decision in its new Google Fiber Project.In 2011, Google announced Gmail Motion, an interactive way of despotic Gmail and the computer with body movements via the users webcam. Googles services contain easter eggs, such as the Swedish Chefs Bork bork bork, Pig Latin, Hacker or leetspeak, Elmer Fudd, Pirate, and Klingon as language selections for its search engine.The search engine calculator provides the Answer to the Ultimate suspense of Life, theUniverse, and Everything from Douglas Adams The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. When searching the word recursion, the spell-checkers result for the properly spelled word is exactly the same word, creating a recursive link. When searching for the word anagram, meaning a rearrangement of letters from one word to form other valid words, Googles suggestion feature displays Did you mean nag a ram?In Google Maps, searching for directions between places free by large bodies of water, such as Los Angeles and Tokyo, results in instructions to kayak across the Pacific Ocean. During FIFA origination Cup 2010, search queries including World Cup and FIFA caused the Goooogle page indicator at the bottom of every result page to read Gooooal instead. PhilanthropyIn 2004, Google formed the not-for-profit philanthropic Google.org, with a start-up fund of $1 billion. The mission of the organization is to create awareness about mood change, global public health, and global poverty. One of its first projects was to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 miles per gallon. Google employ Larry Brilliant as the programs executive director in 2004, and the current director is Megan Smith. In 2008 Google announced its project 10100 which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then allowed Google users to vote on their favorites.After two years of silence, during which many wondered what had happened to the program, Google revealed the winners of the project, giving a total of ten million dollars to various ideas ranging from non-profit organizations that promote education to a website that intends to make all legal documents public and online. In 2011, Google donated 1 million euros to International Mathematical Olympiad to support the next five annual International Mathematical Olympiads . On July 2012, Google launched a Legalize Love campaign in support of gay rights.Tax avoidance Google uses various tax avoidance strategies. Out of the five largest American technology companies it pays the lowest taxes to the countries of origin of its revenues. The company accomplishes this partly by licensing technology through subsidiaries in Ireland, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Netherlands. This has reportedly sparked a French investigation into Googles transfer pricing practices. Following criticism of the amount ofcorporate taxes that Google paid in the United Kingdom, Chairman Eric Schmidt said, Its called capitalism.We are proudly capitalistic. During the same December 2012 interview Schmidt confirmed that the company had no intention of paying more to the UK exchequer. In 2013, Schmidt responded to questions about taxes paid in the UK by pointing to the advertising fees Google charged UK companies as a source of economic growth. Google Vice president Matt Brittin testified to the Public Accounts delegacy of the UK house of commons that his UK sales team made no sales and hence owed no sales taxes to the UK. EnvironmentSince 2007, Google has aimed for carbon neutrality in regard to its operations. In June 2013, the Washington Post reported that Google had donated US$50,000 to the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a libertarian think tank. In July 2013, it was reported that Google had hosted a fundraising event for Oklahoma Senator Jim Inhofe, who has called climate change a hoax. See alsoComparison of web search enginesCriticism of GoogleDont Be diabolicalGoogleGoogle Balloon InternetGoogle CatalogsGoogle ChinaGoogle Chrome ExperimentsGoogle logoGoogle platformGoogle Ventures venture capital fundGoogle XGoogle+Googlebo t web crawlerGooglizationList of Google domainsList of mergers and acquisitions by GoogleUngoogleableReferencesExternal linksnot add links at the Internet Archiveat HooversBibliographyWikipedia